{"id":4420,"date":"2025-12-08T14:25:34","date_gmt":"2025-12-08T14:25:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/?p=4420"},"modified":"2026-03-27T16:05:36","modified_gmt":"2026-03-27T16:05:36","slug":"harvard-referencing-style-with-examples","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/blog\/harvard-referencing-style-with-examples\/","title":{"rendered":"Harvard Referencing: A Quick Guide with Clear Examples"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Harvard referencing is one of the most commonly adopted citation systems across universities in the UK. It follows an <strong>author\u2013date format<\/strong>, meaning you cite a source by including the author\u2019s surname and the year the work was published.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id4420_a2d910-80 .kb-table-of-content-wrap{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette8, #F7FAFC);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette8, #F7FAFC);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette8, #F7FAFC);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette8, #F7FAFC);}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id4420_a2d910-80 .kb-table-of-contents-title-wrap{padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id4420_a2d910-80 .kb-table-of-contents-title{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);line-height:5px;font-weight:regular;font-style:normal;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id4420_a2d910-80 .kb-table-of-content-wrap .kb-table-of-content-list{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-weight:regular;font-style:normal;margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id4420_a2d910-80 .kb-table-of-content-list li{margin-bottom:8px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id4420_a2d910-80 .kb-table-of-content-list li .kb-table-of-contents-list-sub{margin-top:8px;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id4420_a2d910-80 .kb-table-of-content-wrap{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette8, #F7FAFC);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette8, #F7FAFC);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette8, #F7FAFC);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette8, #F7FAFC);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id4420_a2d910-80 .kb-table-of-content-wrap{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette8, #F7FAFC);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette8, #F7FAFC);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette8, #F7FAFC);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette8, #F7FAFC);}}<\/style>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id4420_c93c79-ce > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id4420_c93c79-ce > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id4420_c93c79-ce > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-none, 0rem );row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, calc(15% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-none, 0rem ) * 2 )\/3)))minmax(0, calc(70% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-none, 0rem ) * 2 )\/3)))minmax(0, calc(15% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-none, 0rem ) * 2 )\/3)));}.kb-row-layout-id4420_c93c79-ce > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id4420_c93c79-ce > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 3fr) minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id4420_c93c79-ce > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id4420_c93c79-ce alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-3-columns kt-row-layout-center-wide kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column4420_e743c4-ff > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column4420_e743c4-ff > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column4420_e743c4-ff > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column4420_e743c4-ff > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column4420_e743c4-ff > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column4420_e743c4-ff > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column4420_e743c4-ff{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column4420_e743c4-ff > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column4420_e743c4-ff > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column4420_e743c4-ff inner-column-1\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column4420_aa554b-38 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column4420_aa554b-38 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column4420_aa554b-38 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column4420_aa554b-38 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column4420_aa554b-38 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column4420_aa554b-38 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column4420_aa554b-38{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column4420_aa554b-38 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column4420_aa554b-38 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column4420_aa554b-38 inner-column-2\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Harvard Referencing for Beginners | Step-by-Step Citation Guide\" width=\"720\" height=\"405\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/AfdE5q4dI3I?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column4420_a6f9fe-63 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column4420_a6f9fe-63 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column4420_a6f9fe-63 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column4420_a6f9fe-63 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column4420_a6f9fe-63 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column4420_a6f9fe-63 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column4420_a6f9fe-63{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column4420_a6f9fe-63 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column4420_a6f9fe-63 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column4420_a6f9fe-63 inner-column-3\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Harvard In-text Citation Examples<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s say you&#8217;re explaining that expanding access to solar power is one of the most effective ways to reduce household energy costs. This idea comes from a study written by <strong>Emma Clarke<\/strong>, published in <strong>2016<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote quotepinkborder greyquoteoutline has-theme-palette-8-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"quoteheading\">You can cite the source in two main ways:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Citation at the end<\/strong><br>Expanding access to solar technology can significantly reduce household energy expenses <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-theme-palette-2-color\">(Clarke, 2016)<\/mark><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Citation integrated into the sentence<\/strong><br><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-theme-palette-2-color\">Clarke (2016)<\/mark> argues that wider adoption of solar technology can reduce household energy costs.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Citing Multiple Authors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>When a source has more than one author, the Harvard system changes slightly depending on how many authors are listed. Here\u2019s how each version looks, along with a simple example of how it appears in a sentence.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-table-container4420_b31f6d-0d{font-family:var( --global-body-font-family, inherit );color:var(--global-palette5, #4A5568);overflow-x:auto;}.kb-table4420_b31f6d-0d td:nth-of-type(1), .kb-table4420_b31f6d-0d th:nth-of-type(1){width:30%;}.kb-table4420_b31f6d-0d td:nth-of-type(3), .kb-table4420_b31f6d-0d th:nth-of-type(3){width:30%;}.kb-table4420_b31f6d-0d td:nth-of-type(4), .kb-table4420_b31f6d-0d th:nth-of-type(4){width:30%;}.kb-table4420_b31f6d-0d{table-layout:fixed;width:100%;}.kb-table-container .kb-table4420_b31f6d-0d th{font-size:16px;font-family:var( --global-heading-font-family, inherit );font-weight:600;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kb-table-container .kb-table4420_b31f6d-0d td{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kb-table-container .kb-table4420_b31f6d-0d tr:nth-of-type(even){background-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}.kb-table-container .kb-table4420_b31f6d-0d tr:nth-of-type(odd){background-color:var(--global-palette8, #F7FAFC);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-table-container .kb-table4420_b31f6d-0d th{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-table-container .kb-table4420_b31f6d-0d td{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-table4420_b31f6d-0d td:nth-of-type(1), .kb-table4420_b31f6d-0d th:nth-of-type(1){width:30%;}.kb-table4420_b31f6d-0d td:nth-of-type(3), .kb-table4420_b31f6d-0d th:nth-of-type(3){width:250%;}.kb-table4420_b31f6d-0d td:nth-of-type(4), .kb-table4420_b31f6d-0d th:nth-of-type(4){width:150%;}.kb-table-container .kb-table4420_b31f6d-0d th{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kb-table-container .kb-table4420_b31f6d-0d td{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-table-container kb-table-container4420_b31f6d-0d wp-block-kadence-table\"><table class=\"kb-table kb-table4420_b31f6d-0d\">\n<style>.kb-table-container .kb-table tr.kb-table-row4420_9fb2ae-60{background-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}<\/style><tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row4420_9fb2ae-60\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data4420_266fc0-c8\">\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">Single author<\/p>\n\n<\/4420_266fc0-c8>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data4420_e0e4f9-ac\">\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">Regular physical activity significantly improves mental health <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-theme-palette-2-color\">(Brown, 2018)<\/mark><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-theme-palette-4-color\">.<\/mark><\/p>\n\n<\/4420_e0e4f9-ac>\n<\/tr>\n\n<style>.kb-table-container .kb-table tr.kb-table-row4420_311660-dd{background-color:var(--global-palette8, #F7FAFC);}<\/style><tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row4420_311660-dd\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data4420_66e078-ba\">\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">Two authors<\/p>\n\n<\/4420_66e078-ba>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data4420_f8a5ad-e8\">\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">Regular physical activity significantly improves mental health <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-theme-palette-2-color\">(Brown and Patel, 2018)<\/mark>.<\/p>\n\n<\/4420_f8a5ad-e8>\n<\/tr>\n\n<style>.kb-table-container .kb-table tr.kb-table-row4420_8f46fa-18{background-color:var(--global-palette7, #EDF2F7);}<\/style><tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row4420_8f46fa-18\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data4420_e78955-d7\">\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">Three authors<\/p>\n\n<\/4420_e78955-d7>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data4420_b2de27-34\">\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">Regular physical activity significantly improves mental health <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-theme-palette-2-color\">(Brown, Patel, and Nguyen, 2018)<\/mark>.<\/p>\n\n<\/4420_b2de27-34>\n<\/tr>\n\n<style>.kb-table-container .kb-table tr.kb-table-row4420_5fa766-34{background-color:var(--global-palette8, #F7FAFC);}<\/style><tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row4420_5fa766-34\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data4420_72ac4f-76\">\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">Four or more authors<\/p>\n\n<\/4420_72ac4f-76>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data4420_91a97d-86\">\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">Regular physical activity significantly improves mental health <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-theme-palette-2-color\">(Brown et al., 2018)<\/mark>.<\/p>\n\n<\/4420_91a97d-86>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Multiple Sources at the Same Point<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Sometimes you may need to support a statement using more than one source. When this happens, list all the citations together and separate them with semicolons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote quotegreenborder greyquoteoutline has-theme-palette-8-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"quoteheading\">If you reference several sources at once, separate each with a semicolon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Example<\/strong><br>Renewable energy has become a central focus of national energy strategies <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-theme-palette-2-color\">(Turner, 2020; Ali et al., 2018; Rowe and Carter, 2011)<\/mark><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Multiple Works by the Same Author in the Same Year<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Sometimes an author releases more than one publication in the same year. In these cases, add letters after the year to tell the sources apart.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote quotepinkborder greyquoteoutline has-theme-palette-8-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"quoteheading\">When the same author publishes several works in one year, add letters after the date to distinguish them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Example<\/strong><br>Studies show a rapid increase in residential solar installations <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-theme-palette-2-color\">(Patel, 2015a; Patel, 2015b; Patel, 2015c)<\/mark>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Secondary References (Citing a Source You Found in Another Source)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Sometimes you want to reference an idea or quotation that you discovered in another author\u2019s work, but you can\u2019t access the original source. This is called <strong>secondary referencing<\/strong>. Harvard style allows this, but it should only be used when the original source is unavailable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote quotevioletborder greyquoteoutline has-theme-palette-8-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"quoteheading\">When using a secondary reference, you cite <strong>both<\/strong> authors in the text, but only include the source you actually read in your reference list.You read Patel\u2019s 2020 book and it mentions a study by Green from 2012<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Example<\/strong> <br>Studies have shown that early investment in renewable energy improves long-term sustainability <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-theme-palette-2-color\">(Green, 2012, cited in Patel, 2020<\/mark>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Reference List<\/strong> <br>Patel, R. (2020) <em>Renewable energy strategies for the future<\/em>. London: GreenTech Press.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Direct Quotes from Sources<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>If you are quoting text word-for-word, you must provide the relevant page number. This applies whether the quote comes from a single page or a range of pages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote quotegreenborder greyquoteoutline has-theme-palette-8-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"quoteheading\">For direct quotations, Harvard style requires page numbers. Use p. for a single page. Use pp. for multiple pages<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Single-page quote<\/strong><br>\u201cSolar power remains one of the fastest-growing renewable technologies worldwide\u201d <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-theme-palette-2-color\">(Nguyen et al., 2022, p. 14).<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Multi-page quote<\/strong><br>\u201cSolar power remains one of the fastest-growing renewable technologies worldwide\u201d <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-theme-palette-2-color\">(Nguyen et al., 2022, pp. 14\u201316).<\/mark><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Citing AI tools like ChatGPT in Harvard style<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Citing AI tools such as ChatGPT depends on how your university treats AI-generated content. Most institutions currently recommend citing it either as software or as a form of personal communication. Remember: <strong>Harvard style varies slightly across universities<\/strong>, so check your institution\u2019s guidelines first.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote quotevioletborder greyquoteoutline has-theme-palette-8-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"quoteheading\">Citing ChatGPT as Software (when discussing the tool itself)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>In-text citation<\/strong><br>ChatGPT is widely used to generate quick explanations for complex topics <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-theme-palette-2-color\">(OpenAI, 2025)<\/mark>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"blue-link\"><strong>Reference list entry<\/strong><br>OpenAI (2025) <em>ChatGPT<\/em> [AI language model]. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/chat.openai.com\/\">https:\/\/chat.openai.com\/<\/a> (Accessed: 18 March 2025).<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote quotepinkborder greyquoteoutline has-theme-palette-8-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"quoteheading\">Citing ChatGPT as personal communication (Use this when you include text generated by ChatGPT)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>In-text citation<\/strong><br>Students should always fact-check outputs produced by generative AI systems <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-theme-palette-2-color\">(ChatGPT, 2025, personal communication, March 18, 2025)<\/mark>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Reference list entry<\/strong><br><em>Note:<\/em> Personal communications are often <strong>not<\/strong> included in the reference list unless your institution requires it.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote quotegreenborder greyquoteoutline has-theme-palette-8-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"quoteheading\">Citing a specific prompt (if required by your institution)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>In-text citation<\/strong><br>Wider adoption of solar technology can reduce household energy costs <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-theme-palette-2-color\">(ChatGPT, personal communication, March 18, 2025)<\/mark>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"blue-link\"><strong>Reference list entry<\/strong><br>OpenAI (2025) ChatGPT response to the prompt: \u201cExplain the impact of renewable energy adoption.\u201d 18 March. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/chat.openai.com\/\">https:\/\/chat.openai.com\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Reference List<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"blue-link\">Your reference list should appear at the end of your work and include <strong>every source you cited<\/strong>. Arrange entries alphabetically by the author\u2019s surname. Below is a brief example of Harvard-formatted references. For further information,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/subjectguides.york.ac.uk\/referencing-style-guides\/harvard\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">read this blog<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote quotevioletborder greyquoteoutline has-theme-palette-8-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"quoteheading\">References Formatted in Harvard Style<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Journal article<\/strong><br>Clarke, E. and Howard, D. (2019) \u2018Trends in solar adoption across urban households\u2019, <em>Journal of Renewable Energy Studies<\/em>, 45(2), pp. 112\u2013124.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Book<\/strong><br>Patel, R. (2017) <em>Renewable Energy Systems: A Practical Introduction<\/em>. London: GreenTech Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"blue-link\"><strong>Website<\/strong><br>EnergyUK (2022) <em>How solar panels work<\/em>. Available at: <a>https:\/\/www.energyuk.org\/solar-panels<\/a> (Accessed: 15 March 2025).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Conference paper<\/strong><br>Lee, M., Carter, J. and Wilson, K. (2020) \u2018Improving battery storage efficiency in residential areas\u2019, in <em>Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Power Systems<\/em>. Glasgow: IEEE, pp. 58\u201366.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Thesis \/ Dissertation<\/strong><br>Rahman, S. (2021) <em>Assessing the Impact of Solar Microgrids in Rural Communities<\/em>. PhD thesis. University of Manchester.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Report<\/strong><br>International Energy Board (2020) <em>Global Renewable Energy Outlook 2020<\/em>. Geneva: IEB Publications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"blue-link\"><strong>YouTube Video<\/strong><br>EcoFuture (2023) <em>How Solar Batteries Store Energy<\/em> [YouTube video]. Available at: <a>https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=example123<\/a> (Accessed: 18 March 2025).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"blue-link\"><strong>Dataset<\/strong><br>GreenDataLab (2022) <em>Solar Installation Costs in Europe, 2010\u20132022<\/em>. Available at: <a>https:\/\/www.greendatalab.org\/solar-costs<\/a> (Accessed: 18 March 2025).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Legislation<\/strong><br>UK Government (2019) <em>Renewable Energy Act 2019<\/em>. London: The Stationery Office.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"blue-link\">Mastering Harvard referencing becomes much easier once you understand the basic rules and work through a few clear example. Getting your references right also protects you from issues like <a href=\"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/blog\/plagiarism-a-simple-visual-guide\/\">plagiarism<\/a>, which can happen when sources aren\u2019t acknowledged properly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"blue-link\">If you\u2019re unsure whether your work is fully original, you can run it through a <a href=\"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/\">plagiarism detector<\/a>. And if you need help rewriting sentences in your own words while keeping the original meaning, a <a href=\"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/free-paraphrasing-tool\/\">paraphrasing tool<\/a> can make the process quicker and safer. For more guidance on Harvard referencing\u2014and answers to common questions from students\u2014feel free to continue to our <strong>FAQs section<\/strong> <strong>below<\/strong>, where we break down the rules even further.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id4420_a67bd5-47 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id4420_a67bd5-47 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id4420_a67bd5-47 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);max-width:var( --global-content-width, 1290px );padding-left:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-right:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-4xl, 8rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-4xl, 8rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id4420_a67bd5-47 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}.kb-row-layout-id4420_a67bd5-47 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:100px;}.kb-row-layout-id4420_a67bd5-47 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:100%;}.kb-row-layout-id4420_a67bd5-47 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{fill:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff)!important;}.kb-row-layout-id4420_a67bd5-47 .kt-row-layout-top-sep{height:100px;}.kb-row-layout-id4420_a67bd5-47 .kt-row-layout-top-sep svg{width:100%;}.kb-row-layout-id4420_a67bd5-47 .kt-row-layout-top-sep svg{fill:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff)!important;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id4420_a67bd5-47 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id4420_a67bd5-47 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:px;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id4420_a67bd5-47 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:%;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id4420_a67bd5-47 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id4420_a67bd5-47 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:px;}.kb-row-layout-id4420_a67bd5-47 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:%;}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id4420_a67bd5-47 alignfull has-theme-palette8-background-color kt-row-has-bg wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-layout-top-sep kt-row-sep-type-sltl\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 1000 100\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\"><path d=\"M1000,0l-1000,100l1000,0l0,-100Z\" \/><\/svg><\/div><div class=\"kt-row-layout-bottom-sep kt-row-sep-type-sltl\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 1000 100\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\"><path d=\"M1000,0l-1000,100l1000,0l0,-100Z\" \/><\/svg><\/div><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top kb-theme-content-width\">\n<style>.kadence-column4420_aa418e-68 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column4420_aa418e-68 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column4420_aa418e-68 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column4420_aa418e-68 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column4420_aa418e-68 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column4420_aa418e-68 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column4420_aa418e-68{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column4420_aa418e-68 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column4420_aa418e-68 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column4420_aa418e-68 kb-section-dir-vertical inner-column-1\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4420_8f0d42-71, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4420_8f0d42-71[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4420_8f0d42-71\"]{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);text-align:center;font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-lg, 2rem);line-height:1.2em;font-weight:600;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4420_8f0d42-71 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4420_8f0d42-71[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4420_8f0d42-71\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading4420_8f0d42-71 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading has-theme-palette-3-color has-text-color\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4420_8f0d42-71\">Common Questions About Harvard Style<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id4420_296049-1f > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id4420_296049-1f > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id4420_296049-1f > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}.kb-row-layout-id4420_296049-1f > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id4420_296049-1f > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id4420_296049-1f > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id4420_296049-1f alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column4420_b90709-51 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column4420_b90709-51 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column4420_b90709-51 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column4420_b90709-51 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column4420_b90709-51 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column4420_b90709-51 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column4420_b90709-51{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column4420_b90709-51 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column4420_b90709-51 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column4420_b90709-51\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kt-accordion-id4420_fc621f-24 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:16px;}.kt-accordion-id4420_fc621f-24 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);border-left:0px solid transparent;background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}.kt-accordion-id4420_fc621f-24 .wp-block-kadence-pane .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:0px solid var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom:0px solid var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);border-left-color:#eeeeee;border-left-style:solid;border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-weight:600;color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}.kt-accordion-id4420_fc621f-24:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id4420_fc621f-24:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette6, #718096);}.kt-accordion-id4420_fc621f-24 .kt-accordion-panel-inner, .kt-accordion-id4420_fc621f-24 .kt-accordion-panel-inner h1, .kt-accordion-id4420_fc621f-24 .kt-accordion-panel-inner h2, .kt-accordion-id4420_fc621f-24 .kt-accordion-panel-inner h3, .kt-accordion-id4420_fc621f-24 .kt-accordion-panel-inner h4, .kt-accordion-id4420_fc621f-24 .kt-accordion-panel-inner h5, .kt-accordion-id4420_fc621f-24 .kt-accordion-panel-inner h6{color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);}.kt-accordion-id4420_fc621f-24 .kt-accordion-panel-inner a{color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}.kt-accordion-id4420_fc621f-24 .kt-accordion-panel-inner a:hover{color:var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);}.kt-accordion-id4420_fc621f-24:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette6, #718096);}.kt-accordion-id4420_fc621f-24:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id4420_fc621f-24:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id4420_fc621f-24 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id4420_fc621f-24 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);border-top-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id4420_fc621f-24:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id4420_fc621f-24:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id4420_fc621f-24:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion--visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id4420_fc621f-24:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette5, #4A5568);}.kt-accordion-id4420_fc621f-24:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id4420_fc621f-24:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette5, #4A5568);}.kt-accordion-id4420_fc621f-24:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id4420_fc621f-24:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id4420_fc621f-24:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id4420_fc621f-24:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id4420_fc621f-24 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible, .kt-accordion-id4420_fc621f-24 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);border-top-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#eeeeee;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#0e9cd1;border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id4420_fc621f-24:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id4420_fc621f-24:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette6, #718096);}.kt-accordion-id4420_fc621f-24:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette6, #718096);}.kt-accordion-id4420_fc621f-24:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id4420_fc621f-24:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id4420_fc621f-24 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);border-left:0px solid transparent;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id4420_fc621f-24 .wp-block-kadence-pane .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:0px solid var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom:0px solid var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);border-left-color:#eeeeee;border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id4420_fc621f-24 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id4420_fc621f-24 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{border-top-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id4420_fc621f-24 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible, .kt-accordion-id4420_fc621f-24 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#eeeeee;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#0e9cd1;border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-accordion-id4420_fc621f-24 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{display:block;}.kt-accordion-id4420_fc621f-24 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap .kt-accordion-pane:not(:first-child){margin-top:16px;}.kt-accordion-id4420_fc621f-24 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);border-left:0px solid transparent;padding-top:0px;padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);}.kt-accordion-id4420_fc621f-24 .wp-block-kadence-pane .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:0px solid var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom:0px solid var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);border-left-color:#eeeeee;border-left-style:solid;padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kt-accordion-id4420_fc621f-24 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id4420_fc621f-24 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{border-top-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id4420_fc621f-24 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible, .kt-accordion-id4420_fc621f-24 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#eeeeee;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#0e9cd1;border-left-style:solid;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-accordion alignnone\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-wrap kt-accordion-id4420_fc621f-24 kt-accordion-has-6-panes kt-active-pane-0 kt-accordion-block kt-pane-header-alignment-left kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow kt-accodion-icon-side-right\" style=\"max-width:none\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-inner-wrap\" data-allow-multiple-open=\"false\" data-start-open=\"none\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-1 kt-pane4420_ee410c-3a\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\"><strong>What is Harvard referencing and why is it used?<\/strong><\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4420_0e6ec0-df, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4420_0e6ec0-df[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4420_0e6ec0-df\"]{font-size:14px;line-height:1.3rem;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4420_0e6ec0-df mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4420_0e6ec0-df[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4420_0e6ec0-df\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading4420_0e6ec0-df wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4420_0e6ec0-df\">Harvard is an author\u2013date referencing style used to credit sources in academic writing. It helps avoid plagiarism and allows readers to trace your sources easily.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-2 kt-pane4420_a43895-2f\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\"><strong>How do I reference a source with no author?<\/strong><\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4420_d4c26e-fa, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4420_d4c26e-fa[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4420_d4c26e-fa\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4420_d4c26e-fa mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4420_d4c26e-fa[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4420_d4c26e-fa\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading4420_d4c26e-fa wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4420_d4c26e-fa\">Use the organisation name instead. If there is no organisation, use the title of the work.<br>Example: <em>(EnergyUK, 2022)<\/em> or <em>(\u201cSolar Guide\u201d, 2021)<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-4 kt-pane4420_b8f375-79\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\"><strong>How do I reference a website in Harvard style?<\/strong><\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4420_4241e5-70, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4420_4241e5-70[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4420_4241e5-70\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4420_4241e5-70 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4420_4241e5-70[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4420_4241e5-70\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading4420_4241e5-70 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4420_4241e5-70\">Include the author or organisation, year, page title, URL, and access date.<br>Example: <em>EnergyUK (2022) Solar basics. Available at: URL (Accessed: 12 March 2025).<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-5 kt-pane4420_02f539-ae\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\"><strong>How do I reference something I found in another source (secondary referencing)?<\/strong><\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4420_3f11de-ab, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4420_3f11de-ab[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4420_3f11de-ab\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4420_3f11de-ab mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4420_3f11de-ab[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4420_3f11de-ab\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading4420_3f11de-ab wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4420_3f11de-ab\">Use the phrase <em>cited in<\/em>.<br>Example: <em>(Smith, 1999, cited in Patel, 2018)<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-6 kt-pane4420_f77961-8b\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\"><strong>How do I cite AI tools like ChatGPT in Harvard style?<\/strong><\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4420_7d5109-d0, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4420_7d5109-d0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4420_7d5109-d0\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4420_7d5109-d0 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4420_7d5109-d0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4420_7d5109-d0\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading4420_7d5109-d0 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4420_7d5109-d0\">You can cite ChatGPT either as software or as personal communication, depending on your university\u2019s rules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"blue-link has-small-font-size\"><br><strong>Software format:<\/strong><br><strong>In-text:<\/strong> (OpenAI, 2025)<br><strong>Reference list:<\/strong> OpenAI (2025) <em>ChatGPT<\/em> [AI model]. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/chat.openai.com\/\">https:\/\/chat.openai.com\/<\/a> (Accessed: 18 March 2025).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><br><strong>Personal communication format:<\/strong><br><strong>In-text:<\/strong> (OpenAI, 2025, personal communication)<br><em>Usually not added to the reference list.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><br>Always check your institution\u2019s specific guidance, as Harvard formats can vary.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column4420_e6d441-29 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column4420_e6d441-29 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column4420_e6d441-29 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column4420_e6d441-29 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column4420_e6d441-29 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column4420_e6d441-29 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column4420_e6d441-29{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column4420_e6d441-29 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column4420_e6d441-29 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column4420_e6d441-29\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kt-accordion-id4420_508bd4-76 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:16px;}.kt-accordion-id4420_508bd4-76 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);border-left:0px solid transparent;background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}.kt-accordion-id4420_508bd4-76 .wp-block-kadence-pane .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:0px solid var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom:0px solid var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);border-left-color:#eeeeee;border-left-style:solid;border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-weight:600;color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}.kt-accordion-id4420_508bd4-76:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id4420_508bd4-76:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette6, #718096);}.kt-accordion-id4420_508bd4-76 .kt-accordion-panel-inner, .kt-accordion-id4420_508bd4-76 .kt-accordion-panel-inner h1, .kt-accordion-id4420_508bd4-76 .kt-accordion-panel-inner h2, .kt-accordion-id4420_508bd4-76 .kt-accordion-panel-inner h3, .kt-accordion-id4420_508bd4-76 .kt-accordion-panel-inner h4, .kt-accordion-id4420_508bd4-76 .kt-accordion-panel-inner h5, .kt-accordion-id4420_508bd4-76 .kt-accordion-panel-inner h6{color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);}.kt-accordion-id4420_508bd4-76 .kt-accordion-panel-inner a{color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}.kt-accordion-id4420_508bd4-76 .kt-accordion-panel-inner a:hover{color:var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);}.kt-accordion-id4420_508bd4-76:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette6, #718096);}.kt-accordion-id4420_508bd4-76:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id4420_508bd4-76:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id4420_508bd4-76 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id4420_508bd4-76 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);border-top-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id4420_508bd4-76:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id4420_508bd4-76:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id4420_508bd4-76:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion--visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id4420_508bd4-76:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette5, #4A5568);}.kt-accordion-id4420_508bd4-76:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id4420_508bd4-76:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette5, #4A5568);}.kt-accordion-id4420_508bd4-76:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id4420_508bd4-76:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id4420_508bd4-76:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id4420_508bd4-76:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id4420_508bd4-76 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible, .kt-accordion-id4420_508bd4-76 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);border-top-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#eeeeee;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#0e9cd1;border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id4420_508bd4-76:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id4420_508bd4-76:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette6, #718096);}.kt-accordion-id4420_508bd4-76:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette6, #718096);}.kt-accordion-id4420_508bd4-76:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id4420_508bd4-76:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id4420_508bd4-76 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);border-left:0px solid transparent;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id4420_508bd4-76 .wp-block-kadence-pane .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:0px solid var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom:0px solid var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);border-left-color:#eeeeee;border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id4420_508bd4-76 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id4420_508bd4-76 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{border-top-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id4420_508bd4-76 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible, .kt-accordion-id4420_508bd4-76 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#eeeeee;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#0e9cd1;border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-accordion-id4420_508bd4-76 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{display:block;}.kt-accordion-id4420_508bd4-76 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap .kt-accordion-pane:not(:first-child){margin-top:16px;}.kt-accordion-id4420_508bd4-76 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);border-left:0px solid transparent;padding-top:0px;padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);}.kt-accordion-id4420_508bd4-76 .wp-block-kadence-pane .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:0px solid var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom:0px solid var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);border-left-color:#eeeeee;border-left-style:solid;padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kt-accordion-id4420_508bd4-76 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id4420_508bd4-76 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{border-top-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id4420_508bd4-76 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible, .kt-accordion-id4420_508bd4-76 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#eeeeee;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#0e9cd1;border-left-style:solid;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-accordion alignnone\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-wrap kt-accordion-id4420_508bd4-76 kt-accordion-has-7-panes kt-active-pane-0 kt-accordion-block kt-pane-header-alignment-left kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow kt-accodion-icon-side-right\" style=\"max-width:none\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-inner-wrap\" data-allow-multiple-open=\"false\" data-start-open=\"none\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-1 kt-pane4420_cebceb-34\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\"><strong>What\u2019s the difference between an in-text citation and a reference list?<\/strong><\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4420_bb072a-1e, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4420_bb072a-1e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4420_bb072a-1e\"]{font-size:14px;line-height:1.3rem;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4420_bb072a-1e mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4420_bb072a-1e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4420_bb072a-1e\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading4420_bb072a-1e wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4420_bb072a-1e\">In-text citations briefly show the author and year in your paragraph, while the reference list at the end provides full details of every source you cited.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-5 kt-pane4420_cf40c8-df\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\"><strong>How do I cite multiple authors in Harvard style?<\/strong><\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4420_909b9c-72, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4420_909b9c-72[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4420_909b9c-72\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4420_909b9c-72 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4420_909b9c-72[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4420_909b9c-72\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading4420_909b9c-72 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4420_909b9c-72\">For two authors, use <em>Author and Author<\/em>; for three, use <em>Author, Author and Author<\/em>; for four or more, use <em>Author et al.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-6 kt-pane4420_0f6d02-79\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\"><strong>Do I need to include page numbers in Harvard referencing?<\/strong><\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4420_c04d3f-66, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4420_c04d3f-66[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4420_c04d3f-66\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4420_c04d3f-66 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4420_c04d3f-66[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4420_c04d3f-66\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading4420_c04d3f-66 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4420_c04d3f-66\">Only for direct quotes or when referring to a specific part of a source. Paraphrased ideas do not require page numbers.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-7 kt-pane4420_993631-fe\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\"><strong>How do I reference a PDF, report, or online document?<\/strong><\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4420_b0c968-3f, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4420_b0c968-3f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4420_b0c968-3f\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4420_b0c968-3f mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4420_b0c968-3f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4420_b0c968-3f\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading4420_b0c968-3f wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4420_b0c968-3f\">Treat it like a normal report or webpage: author\/organisation, year, title, publisher\/URL, and access date. The file format doesn\u2019t change the style.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-2 kt-pane4420_51387d-17\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\"><strong>Is it okay to use a referencing generator for Harvard style?<\/strong><\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4420_e6a440-d4, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4420_e6a440-d4[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4420_e6a440-d4\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4420_e6a440-d4 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4420_e6a440-d4[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4420_e6a440-d4\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading4420_e6a440-d4 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4420_e6a440-d4\">Yes, but always double-check the result, as formats may vary slightly between universities. Tools help, but accuracy still relies on manual review.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A clear guide to Harvard referencing with examples, citations, quotes, and formats to avoid plagiarism.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4452,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kadence_starter_templates_imported_post":false,"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"sidebar-primary","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4420","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-referencing"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Harvard Referencing: A Quick Guide with Clear Examples<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A clear guide to Harvard referencing with examples, citations, quotes, and formats to avoid plagiarism.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/blog\/harvard-referencing-style-with-examples\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Harvard Referencing: A Quick Guide with Clear Examples\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A clear guide to Harvard referencing with examples, citations, quotes, and formats to avoid plagiarism.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/blog\/harvard-referencing-style-with-examples\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"FinalScanPro \u2014 Turnitin Alternative for Plagiarism &amp; AI Reports\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-12-08T14:25:34+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-03-27T16:05:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/harvard_style.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"650\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"442\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"finalscanpro\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"finalscanpro\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/blog\/harvard-referencing-style-with-examples\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/blog\/harvard-referencing-style-with-examples\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"finalscanpro\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/#\/schema\/person\/e5a5f716cd5108bdebdbb37f48b17b9f\"},\"headline\":\"Harvard Referencing: A Quick Guide with Clear Examples\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-12-08T14:25:34+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-03-27T16:05:36+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/blog\/harvard-referencing-style-with-examples\/\"},\"wordCount\":1429,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/blog\/harvard-referencing-style-with-examples\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/harvard_style.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Referencing\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/blog\/harvard-referencing-style-with-examples\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/blog\/harvard-referencing-style-with-examples\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/blog\/harvard-referencing-style-with-examples\/\",\"name\":\"Harvard Referencing: A Quick Guide with Clear Examples\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/blog\/harvard-referencing-style-with-examples\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/blog\/harvard-referencing-style-with-examples\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/harvard_style.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-12-08T14:25:34+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-03-27T16:05:36+00:00\",\"description\":\"A clear guide to Harvard referencing with examples, citations, quotes, and formats to avoid plagiarism.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/blog\/harvard-referencing-style-with-examples\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/blog\/harvard-referencing-style-with-examples\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/blog\/harvard-referencing-style-with-examples\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/harvard_style.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/harvard_style.jpg\",\"width\":650,\"height\":442},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/blog\/harvard-referencing-style-with-examples\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Harvard Referencing: A Quick Guide with Clear Examples\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/\",\"name\":\"FinalScanPro\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/#organization\",\"name\":\"FinalScanPro\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/cropped-cropped-finalscanpro_modified_3.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/cropped-cropped-finalscanpro_modified_3.png\",\"width\":1036,\"height\":77,\"caption\":\"FinalScanPro\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/#\/schema\/person\/e5a5f716cd5108bdebdbb37f48b17b9f\",\"name\":\"finalscanpro\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0b2a6f9860344151f79274ece9c30a71f18db1422fd4783a2ebd8a7d6b6f184d?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0b2a6f9860344151f79274ece9c30a71f18db1422fd4783a2ebd8a7d6b6f184d?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"finalscanpro\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/blog\/author\/finalscanpro\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Harvard Referencing: A Quick Guide with Clear Examples","description":"A clear guide to Harvard referencing with examples, citations, quotes, and formats to avoid plagiarism.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/blog\/harvard-referencing-style-with-examples\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Harvard Referencing: A Quick Guide with Clear Examples","og_description":"A clear guide to Harvard referencing with examples, citations, quotes, and formats to avoid plagiarism.","og_url":"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/blog\/harvard-referencing-style-with-examples\/","og_site_name":"FinalScanPro \u2014 Turnitin Alternative for Plagiarism &amp; AI Reports","article_published_time":"2025-12-08T14:25:34+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-03-27T16:05:36+00:00","og_image":[{"width":650,"height":442,"url":"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/harvard_style.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"finalscanpro","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"finalscanpro","Est. reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/blog\/harvard-referencing-style-with-examples\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/blog\/harvard-referencing-style-with-examples\/"},"author":{"name":"finalscanpro","@id":"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/#\/schema\/person\/e5a5f716cd5108bdebdbb37f48b17b9f"},"headline":"Harvard Referencing: A Quick Guide with Clear Examples","datePublished":"2025-12-08T14:25:34+00:00","dateModified":"2026-03-27T16:05:36+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/blog\/harvard-referencing-style-with-examples\/"},"wordCount":1429,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/blog\/harvard-referencing-style-with-examples\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/harvard_style.jpg","articleSection":["Referencing"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/blog\/harvard-referencing-style-with-examples\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/blog\/harvard-referencing-style-with-examples\/","url":"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/blog\/harvard-referencing-style-with-examples\/","name":"Harvard Referencing: A Quick Guide with Clear Examples","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/blog\/harvard-referencing-style-with-examples\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/blog\/harvard-referencing-style-with-examples\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/harvard_style.jpg","datePublished":"2025-12-08T14:25:34+00:00","dateModified":"2026-03-27T16:05:36+00:00","description":"A clear guide to Harvard referencing with examples, citations, quotes, and formats to avoid plagiarism.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/blog\/harvard-referencing-style-with-examples\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/blog\/harvard-referencing-style-with-examples\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/blog\/harvard-referencing-style-with-examples\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/harvard_style.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/harvard_style.jpg","width":650,"height":442},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/blog\/harvard-referencing-style-with-examples\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Harvard Referencing: A Quick Guide with Clear Examples"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/#website","url":"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/","name":"FinalScanPro","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/#organization","name":"FinalScanPro","url":"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/cropped-cropped-finalscanpro_modified_3.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/cropped-cropped-finalscanpro_modified_3.png","width":1036,"height":77,"caption":"FinalScanPro"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/#\/schema\/person\/e5a5f716cd5108bdebdbb37f48b17b9f","name":"finalscanpro","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0b2a6f9860344151f79274ece9c30a71f18db1422fd4783a2ebd8a7d6b6f184d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0b2a6f9860344151f79274ece9c30a71f18db1422fd4783a2ebd8a7d6b6f184d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"finalscanpro"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site"],"url":"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/blog\/author\/finalscanpro\/"}]}},"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":16,"label":"Referencing"}]},"featured_image_src_large":["https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/harvard_style.jpg",650,442,false],"author_info":{"display_name":"finalscanpro","author_link":"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/blog\/author\/finalscanpro\/"},"comment_info":0,"category_info":[{"term_id":16,"name":"Referencing","slug":"referencing","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":16,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":8,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":16,"category_count":8,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Referencing","category_nicename":"referencing","category_parent":0}],"tag_info":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4420","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4420"}],"version-history":[{"count":52,"href":"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4420\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4903,"href":"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4420\/revisions\/4903"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4452"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4420"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4420"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4420"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}