{"id":4583,"date":"2025-12-10T11:08:08","date_gmt":"2025-12-10T11:08:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/?p=4583"},"modified":"2026-03-30T19:37:07","modified_gmt":"2026-03-30T19:37:07","slug":"chicago-referencing-style-with-examples","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/blog\/chicago-referencing-style-with-examples\/","title":{"rendered":"Chicago Referencing: A Quick Guide with Clear Examples"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>The <strong>Chicago referencing style<\/strong> is widely used across the humanities, including history, literature, philosophy, and the arts. The guidelines are maintained by the <em>University of Chicago Press<\/em> and published in the <em>Chicago Manual of Style<\/em>. Chicago uses a <strong>footnote and bibliography system<\/strong>, where sources are cited using a <strong>superscript number\u00b9<\/strong> linked to a full <strong>reference in a footnote<\/strong> at the bottom of the page.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id4583_4128d3-50 .kb-table-of-content-wrap{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette8, #F7FAFC);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette8, #F7FAFC);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette8, #F7FAFC);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette8, #F7FAFC);}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id4583_4128d3-50 .kb-table-of-contents-title-wrap{padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id4583_4128d3-50 .kb-table-of-contents-title{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);line-height:5px;font-weight:regular;font-style:normal;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id4583_4128d3-50 .kb-table-of-content-wrap .kb-table-of-content-list{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-weight:regular;font-style:normal;margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id4583_4128d3-50 .kb-table-of-content-list li{margin-bottom:8px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id4583_4128d3-50 .kb-table-of-content-list li .kb-table-of-contents-list-sub{margin-top:8px;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id4583_4128d3-50 .kb-table-of-content-wrap{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette8, #F7FAFC);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette8, #F7FAFC);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette8, #F7FAFC);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette8, #F7FAFC);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id4583_4128d3-50 .kb-table-of-content-wrap{border-top:1px solid var(--global-palette8, #F7FAFC);border-right:1px solid var(--global-palette8, #F7FAFC);border-bottom:1px solid var(--global-palette8, #F7FAFC);border-left:1px solid var(--global-palette8, #F7FAFC);}}<\/style>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id4583_5d6c1a-04 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id4583_5d6c1a-04 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id4583_5d6c1a-04 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-none, 0rem );row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, calc(15% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-none, 0rem ) * 2 )\/3)))minmax(0, calc(70% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-none, 0rem ) * 2 )\/3)))minmax(0, calc(15% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-none, 0rem ) * 2 )\/3)));}.kb-row-layout-id4583_5d6c1a-04 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id4583_5d6c1a-04 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 3fr) minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id4583_5d6c1a-04 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id4583_5d6c1a-04 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-3-columns kt-row-layout-center-wide kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column4583_c78fed-3e > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column4583_c78fed-3e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column4583_c78fed-3e > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column4583_c78fed-3e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column4583_c78fed-3e > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column4583_c78fed-3e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column4583_c78fed-3e{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column4583_c78fed-3e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column4583_c78fed-3e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column4583_c78fed-3e inner-column-1\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column4583_6ee0d7-b5 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column4583_6ee0d7-b5 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column4583_6ee0d7-b5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column4583_6ee0d7-b5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column4583_6ee0d7-b5 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column4583_6ee0d7-b5 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column4583_6ee0d7-b5{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column4583_6ee0d7-b5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column4583_6ee0d7-b5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column4583_6ee0d7-b5 inner-column-2\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Chicago Referencing for Beginners | Step-by-Step Citation Guide\" width=\"720\" height=\"405\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/OTC-DeZaI6Q?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column4583_2876c4-07 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column4583_2876c4-07 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column4583_2876c4-07 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column4583_2876c4-07 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column4583_2876c4-07 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column4583_2876c4-07 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column4583_2876c4-07{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column4583_2876c4-07 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column4583_2876c4-07 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column4583_2876c4-07 inner-column-3\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chicago In-text Citation Examples<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In Chicago style, you place a <strong>superscript number<\/strong> in your text at the point where a source is used. The corresponding footnote includes full source details. The numbers run <strong>consecutively throughout your document<\/strong>\u2014you don\u2019t restart numbering on a new page.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote quotepinkborder greyquoteoutline has-theme-palette-8-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"quoteheading\">Superscript citation at the end of a sentence and footnote at the bottom of the page<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Recent research shows that digital archives have transformed how historians access primary documents.<sup><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-theme-palette-2-color\">1<\/mark><\/sup> These patterns mirror earlier trends observed in large-scale digitisation projects.<sup><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-theme-palette-2-color\">2<\/mark><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong>Footnotes<\/strong><br>1. Maria Clarke, \u201cDigital Archives and Historical Practice,\u201d <em>Journal of Digital History<\/em> 14, no. 2 (2019): 88. <br>2. James Rowe, \u201cNew Approaches to Online Collections,\u201d <em>Historical Methods<\/em> 22, no. 1 (2015): 15.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Citing the Same Source More than Once<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Even if you cite the <strong>same source more than once<\/strong>, it still receives a <strong>new citation number<\/strong> each time. The first citation uses a <strong>full footnote<\/strong>, while later citations use a <strong>shortened note<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote quotegreenborder greyquoteoutline has-theme-palette-8-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"quoteheading\">We cited the same source twice. The first footnote includes the full reference, while the second uses a shortened version for repeat citations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Digital archives have made rare manuscripts far more accessible.<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-theme-palette-2-color\"><sup>1<\/sup><\/mark> Historians also note that user engagement with these collections continues to rise.<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-theme-palette-2-color\"><sup>2<\/sup><\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong>Footnotes<\/strong><br>1. Clarke, \u201cDigital Archives and Historical Practice,\u201d 88. (<em>Full note<\/em>)<br>2. Clarke, \u201cDigital Archives,\u201d 88. (<em>Short note<\/em>)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Citing Multiple Sources in Chicago Style<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>When multiple sources support the same statement, <strong>use one superscript number<\/strong> and combine all sources in a <strong>single footnote<\/strong>, separated by semicolons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote quoteredborder greyquoteoutline has-theme-palette-8-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"quoteheading\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-theme-palette-13-color\">\u2716<\/mark> Incorrect method \u2014 do NOT use multiple superscripts<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Recent studies show that digital archives significantly improve access to historical documents.<sup><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-theme-palette-2-color\">1,2<\/mark><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong>Footnotes<\/strong><br>1. Maria Clarke, \u201cDigital Archives and Historical Practice,\u201d <em>Journal of Digital History<\/em> 14, no. 2 (2019): 88.<br>2. James Rowe, \u201cNew Approaches to Online Collections,\u201d <em>Historical Methods<\/em> 22, no. 1 (2015): 15.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote quotegreenborder greyquoteoutline has-theme-palette-8-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"quoteheading\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-theme-palette-11-color\">\u2714<\/mark> Correct method \u2014 use one superscript and combine all sources into one footnote<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Recent studies show that digital archives significantly improve access to historical documents.<sup><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-theme-palette-2-color\">1<\/mark><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong>Footnotes<\/strong><br>1. Maria Clarke, \u201cDigital Archives and Historical Practice,\u201d <em>Journal of Digital History<\/em> 14, no. 2 (2019): 88; James Rowe, \u201cNew Approaches to Online Collections,\u201d <em>Historical Methods<\/em> 22, no. 1 (2015): 15.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Secondary References in Chicago Style<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Secondary referencing<\/strong> is used when you discuss information that you found <em>quoted or summarised<\/em> in another author\u2019s work but were unable to access the original source. In Chicago style, you mention the <strong>original author<\/strong> in your sentence but cite the <strong>source you actually read<\/strong> in the footnote. Only the source you consulted appears in the bibliography.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Secondary referencing should be used sparingly and only when the original material is genuinely inaccessible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote quotepinkborder greyquoteoutline has-theme-palette-8-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"quoteheading\">Let\u2019s say Turner (2020) discusses findings from a study by Williams (2012), and you cannot access Williams\u2019s original research.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>In-text citation<\/strong><br>Williams\u2019s 2012 analysis of digital archives is summarised in Turner\u2019s study.<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-theme-palette-2-color\"><sup>1<\/sup><\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong>Footnotes<\/strong><br>1. Paul Turner, \u201cNew Approaches to Digital Preservation,\u201d <em>Journal of Archival Studies<\/em> 11, no. 1 (2020): 44.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Bibliography<\/strong><br>Turner, Paul. \u201cNew Approaches to Digital Preservation.\u201d <em>Journal of Archival Studies<\/em> 11, no. 1 (2020): 40\u201355.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">(<strong>Note<\/strong>: Williams (2012) does <strong>not<\/strong> appear in the bibliography, because you did not read the original work.)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Direct Quotes in Chicago Style<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Direct quotes must appear within <strong>double quotation marks<\/strong>, and the footnote must include the <strong>page number<\/strong> where the quote appears.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote quotegreenborder greyquoteoutline has-theme-palette-8-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"quoteheading\">Direct quote from a paper enclosed in double quotes and page number mentioned in the footnote<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As Brown explains, \u201cDigital humanities tools allow researchers to analyse texts at unprecedented scale.\u201d<sup><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-theme-palette-2-color\">4<\/mark><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong>Footnotes<\/strong><br>1. Laura Brown, \u201cText Mining in the Humanities,\u201d <em>Digital Scholarship Review<\/em> 7, no. 3 (2020): 112.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Citing AI Tools like ChatGPT in Chicago Style<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Chicago does not yet have official rules for citing generative AI tools, but most institutions recommend treating AI-generated responses as <strong>personal communication<\/strong>, since the content cannot be retrieved by others. When you refer to the tool itself (rather than its output), you may cite it as a website or software platform.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote quotevioletborder greyquoteoutline has-theme-palette-8-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"quoteheading\">Citing ChatGPT as personal communication (Use this when you include text generated by ChatGPT)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>In-text citation<\/strong><br>Historians can now process large volumes of digitised material far more efficiently.<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-theme-palette-2-color\"><sup>1<\/sup><\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong>Footnotes<\/strong><br>1. ChatGPT, response to the prompt \u201cExplain how digital archives improve research accessibility,\u201d March 18, 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Bibliography<\/strong><br>Not included in bibliography since the content cannot be retrieved by others<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote quotepinkborder greyquoteoutline has-theme-palette-8-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"quoteheading\">Citing ChatGPT as Software (when discussing the tool itself)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>In-text citation<\/strong><br>ChatGPT is widely used to generate quick explanations for complex topics.<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-theme-palette-2-color\"><sup>2<\/sup><\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"blue-link has-small-font-size\"><strong>Footnotes<\/strong><br>2. OpenAI, <em>ChatGPT<\/em>, accessed March 18, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/chat.openai.com\/\">https:\/\/chat.openai.com\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"blue-link\"><strong>Bibliography<\/strong><br>OpenAI. <em>ChatGPT<\/em>. Accessed March 18, 2025. <a href=\"https:\/\/chat.openai.com\/\">https:\/\/chat.openai.com\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u26a0\ufe0f Important Note on Citing AI Tools<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Guidelines for citing AI tools like ChatGPT <strong>vary widely between universities<\/strong>, and many institutions are still updating their policies. Always check your department\u2019s or university\u2019s official referencing guide to ensure you follow the correct requirements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Reference List (Chicago Bibliography)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Your reference list, titled <strong>Bibliography<\/strong>, appears at the end of your document.<br>It should:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>List all sources <strong>alphabetically by the author\u2019s surname<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Use <strong>hanging indent formatting<\/strong> (first line left-aligned, subsequent lines indented)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"blue-link\">For a clearer understanding of how different sources should be formatted, here are sample Chicago references for common source types. For further information,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/subjectguides.york.ac.uk\/referencing-style-guides\/chicago\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">read this blog<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote quotevioletborder greyquoteoutline has-theme-palette-8-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"quoteheading\">References Formatted in Chicago Style<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Journal article<\/strong><br>Clarke, Maria. \u201cDigital Archives and Historical Practice.\u201d <em>Journal of Digital History<\/em> 14, no. 2 (2019): 80\u201395.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Book<\/strong><br>Lopez, Samuel. <em>Telemedicine in Modern Healthcare<\/em>. London: MedTech Press, 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"blue-link\"><strong>Website<\/strong><br>HealthTech Insights. \u201cHow AI Is Improving Patient Triage.\u201d Last modified 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthtechinsights.org\/triage\">https:\/\/www.healthtechinsights.org\/triage<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Conference paper<\/strong><br>Wong, Lucas, and Megan Carter. \u201cIntegrating Mobile Diagnostics into Emergency Services.\u201d<br>In <em>Proceedings of the Digital Health Technology Conference<\/em>, 122\u2013130. London: Heritage Press, 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Thesis \/ Dissertation<\/strong><br>Rahman, Sarah. \u201cAdaptive Learning Algorithms for Digital Tutoring Systems.\u201d PhD diss., University of Manchester, 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Report<\/strong><br>International Health Board. <em>Global Telehealth Outlook 2023<\/em>. Geneva: IHB Publications, 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"blue-link\"><strong>YouTube Video<\/strong><br>MedTech Channel. \u201cHow Digital Tools Support Patient Care.\u201d YouTube video, 6:12, posted February 10, 2024.<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=example123\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=example123<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"blue-link\"><strong>Dataset<\/strong><br>HealthData Lab. <em>Patient Activity Records, 2019\u20132023<\/em>. HealthData Repository, 2023.<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthdata.org\/patient-activity\">https:\/\/www.healthdata.org\/patient-activity<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Legislation<\/strong><br>United Kingdom. <em>Digital Health Act 2021<\/em>. c.15.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Summary<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Chicago referencing style may appear detailed at first, but once you understand the basics\u2014superscript numbers, full footnotes, short footnotes, and a properly formatted bibliography\u2014it becomes straightforward to use. Keep your numbering consistent, provide full notes the first time a source appears, and use short notes for repeat citations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"blue-link\">If you still have questions about Chicago style, feel free to check our upcoming&nbsp;<strong>FAQs section<\/strong>&nbsp;or explore our other blogs on&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/blog\/plagiarism-a-simple-visual-guide\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">plagiarism<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/free-paraphrasing-tool\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">paraphrasing<\/a>, and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/finalscanpro.com\/site\/free-ai-detector\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ai detection<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id4583_469430-70 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id4583_469430-70 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id4583_469430-70 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);max-width:var( --global-content-width, 1290px );padding-left:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-right:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-4xl, 8rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-4xl, 8rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id4583_469430-70 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}.kb-row-layout-id4583_469430-70 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:100px;}.kb-row-layout-id4583_469430-70 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:100%;}.kb-row-layout-id4583_469430-70 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{fill:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff)!important;}.kb-row-layout-id4583_469430-70 .kt-row-layout-top-sep{height:100px;}.kb-row-layout-id4583_469430-70 .kt-row-layout-top-sep svg{width:100%;}.kb-row-layout-id4583_469430-70 .kt-row-layout-top-sep svg{fill:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff)!important;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id4583_469430-70 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id4583_469430-70 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:px;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id4583_469430-70 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:%;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id4583_469430-70 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id4583_469430-70 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:px;}.kb-row-layout-id4583_469430-70 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:%;}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id4583_469430-70 alignfull has-theme-palette8-background-color kt-row-has-bg wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-layout-top-sep kt-row-sep-type-sltl\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 1000 100\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\"><path d=\"M1000,0l-1000,100l1000,0l0,-100Z\" \/><\/svg><\/div><div class=\"kt-row-layout-bottom-sep kt-row-sep-type-sltl\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 1000 100\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\"><path d=\"M1000,0l-1000,100l1000,0l0,-100Z\" \/><\/svg><\/div><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top kb-theme-content-width\">\n<style>.kadence-column4583_f5adb9-df > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column4583_f5adb9-df > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column4583_f5adb9-df > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column4583_f5adb9-df > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column4583_f5adb9-df > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column4583_f5adb9-df > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column4583_f5adb9-df{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column4583_f5adb9-df > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column4583_f5adb9-df > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column4583_f5adb9-df kb-section-dir-vertical inner-column-1\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4583_e5e8ba-e3, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4583_e5e8ba-e3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4583_e5e8ba-e3\"]{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);text-align:center;font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-lg, 2rem);line-height:1.2em;font-weight:600;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4583_e5e8ba-e3 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4583_e5e8ba-e3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4583_e5e8ba-e3\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading4583_e5e8ba-e3 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading has-theme-palette-3-color has-text-color\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4583_e5e8ba-e3\">Common Questions About Chicago Style<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id4583_7601d7-d8 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id4583_7601d7-d8 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id4583_7601d7-d8 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}.kb-row-layout-id4583_7601d7-d8 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id4583_7601d7-d8 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id4583_7601d7-d8 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id4583_7601d7-d8 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column4583_6462ab-50 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column4583_6462ab-50 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column4583_6462ab-50 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column4583_6462ab-50 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column4583_6462ab-50 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column4583_6462ab-50 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column4583_6462ab-50{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column4583_6462ab-50 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column4583_6462ab-50 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column4583_6462ab-50\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kt-accordion-id4583_b41e22-b6 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:16px;}.kt-accordion-id4583_b41e22-b6 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);border-left:0px solid transparent;background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}.kt-accordion-id4583_b41e22-b6 .wp-block-kadence-pane .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:0px solid var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom:0px solid var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);border-left-color:#eeeeee;border-left-style:solid;border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-weight:600;color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}.kt-accordion-id4583_b41e22-b6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id4583_b41e22-b6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette6, #718096);}.kt-accordion-id4583_b41e22-b6 .kt-accordion-panel-inner, .kt-accordion-id4583_b41e22-b6 .kt-accordion-panel-inner h1, .kt-accordion-id4583_b41e22-b6 .kt-accordion-panel-inner h2, .kt-accordion-id4583_b41e22-b6 .kt-accordion-panel-inner h3, .kt-accordion-id4583_b41e22-b6 .kt-accordion-panel-inner h4, .kt-accordion-id4583_b41e22-b6 .kt-accordion-panel-inner h5, .kt-accordion-id4583_b41e22-b6 .kt-accordion-panel-inner h6{color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);}.kt-accordion-id4583_b41e22-b6 .kt-accordion-panel-inner a{color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}.kt-accordion-id4583_b41e22-b6 .kt-accordion-panel-inner a:hover{color:var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);}.kt-accordion-id4583_b41e22-b6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette6, #718096);}.kt-accordion-id4583_b41e22-b6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id4583_b41e22-b6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id4583_b41e22-b6 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id4583_b41e22-b6 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);border-top-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id4583_b41e22-b6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id4583_b41e22-b6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id4583_b41e22-b6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion--visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id4583_b41e22-b6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette5, #4A5568);}.kt-accordion-id4583_b41e22-b6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id4583_b41e22-b6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette5, #4A5568);}.kt-accordion-id4583_b41e22-b6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id4583_b41e22-b6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id4583_b41e22-b6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id4583_b41e22-b6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id4583_b41e22-b6 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible, .kt-accordion-id4583_b41e22-b6 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);border-top-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#eeeeee;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#0e9cd1;border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id4583_b41e22-b6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id4583_b41e22-b6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette6, #718096);}.kt-accordion-id4583_b41e22-b6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette6, #718096);}.kt-accordion-id4583_b41e22-b6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id4583_b41e22-b6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id4583_b41e22-b6 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);border-left:0px solid transparent;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id4583_b41e22-b6 .wp-block-kadence-pane .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:0px solid var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom:0px solid var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);border-left-color:#eeeeee;border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id4583_b41e22-b6 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id4583_b41e22-b6 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{border-top-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id4583_b41e22-b6 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible, .kt-accordion-id4583_b41e22-b6 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#eeeeee;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#0e9cd1;border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-accordion-id4583_b41e22-b6 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{display:block;}.kt-accordion-id4583_b41e22-b6 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap .kt-accordion-pane:not(:first-child){margin-top:16px;}.kt-accordion-id4583_b41e22-b6 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);border-left:0px solid transparent;padding-top:0px;padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);}.kt-accordion-id4583_b41e22-b6 .wp-block-kadence-pane .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:0px solid var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom:0px solid var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);border-left-color:#eeeeee;border-left-style:solid;padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kt-accordion-id4583_b41e22-b6 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id4583_b41e22-b6 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{border-top-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id4583_b41e22-b6 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible, .kt-accordion-id4583_b41e22-b6 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#eeeeee;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#0e9cd1;border-left-style:solid;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-accordion alignnone\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-wrap kt-accordion-id4583_b41e22-b6 kt-accordion-has-6-panes kt-active-pane-0 kt-accordion-block kt-pane-header-alignment-left kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow kt-accodion-icon-side-right\" style=\"max-width:none\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-inner-wrap\" data-allow-multiple-open=\"false\" data-start-open=\"none\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-1 kt-pane4583_be8e7d-5b\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\"><strong><strong>What is Chicago referencing used for?<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4583_1b10fa-e1, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4583_1b10fa-e1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4583_1b10fa-e1\"]{font-size:14px;line-height:1.3rem;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4583_1b10fa-e1 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4583_1b10fa-e1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4583_1b10fa-e1\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading4583_1b10fa-e1 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4583_1b10fa-e1\">Chicago style is commonly used in humanities subjects such as history, literature, philosophy, and the arts.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-2 kt-pane4583_afd644-26\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\"><strong><strong>Do I need to use superscripts for Chicago in-text citations?<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4583_fdd273-b7, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4583_fdd273-b7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4583_fdd273-b7\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4583_fdd273-b7 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4583_fdd273-b7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4583_fdd273-b7\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading4583_fdd273-b7 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4583_fdd273-b7\">Yes. Chicago NB uses superscript numbers (\u00b9) to link citations to footnotes.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-4 kt-pane4583_b624a8-eb\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\"><strong><strong>How do I cite multiple sources at the same point?<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4583_3a5528-a5, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4583_3a5528-a5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4583_3a5528-a5\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4583_3a5528-a5 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4583_3a5528-a5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4583_3a5528-a5\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading4583_3a5528-a5 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4583_3a5528-a5\">Use <strong>one superscript number<\/strong> and list all sources in a single footnote, separated by semicolons.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-5 kt-pane4583_d7d10e-2d\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\"><strong><strong>Is the Chicago bibliography alphabetized?<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4583_9ab0be-bf, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4583_9ab0be-bf[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4583_9ab0be-bf\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4583_9ab0be-bf mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4583_9ab0be-bf[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4583_9ab0be-bf\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading4583_9ab0be-bf wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4583_9ab0be-bf\">Yes. Entries are listed alphabetically by the author\u2019s last name with a hanging indent format.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-6 kt-pane4583_e3d95f-ff\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\"><strong><strong>How do I cite websites in Chicago style?<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4583_f51fac-01, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4583_f51fac-01[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4583_f51fac-01\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4583_f51fac-01 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4583_f51fac-01[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4583_f51fac-01\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading4583_f51fac-01 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4583_f51fac-01\">Include the author or organisation, page title, website name (optional), publication or access date, and URL.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column4583_9c28cb-c6 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column4583_9c28cb-c6 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column4583_9c28cb-c6 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column4583_9c28cb-c6 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column4583_9c28cb-c6 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column4583_9c28cb-c6 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column4583_9c28cb-c6{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column4583_9c28cb-c6 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column4583_9c28cb-c6 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column4583_9c28cb-c6\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kt-accordion-id4583_c10229-6c .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:16px;}.kt-accordion-id4583_c10229-6c .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);border-left:0px solid transparent;background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}.kt-accordion-id4583_c10229-6c .wp-block-kadence-pane .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:0px solid var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom:0px solid var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);border-left-color:#eeeeee;border-left-style:solid;border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-weight:600;color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}.kt-accordion-id4583_c10229-6c:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id4583_c10229-6c:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette6, #718096);}.kt-accordion-id4583_c10229-6c .kt-accordion-panel-inner, .kt-accordion-id4583_c10229-6c .kt-accordion-panel-inner h1, .kt-accordion-id4583_c10229-6c .kt-accordion-panel-inner h2, .kt-accordion-id4583_c10229-6c .kt-accordion-panel-inner h3, .kt-accordion-id4583_c10229-6c .kt-accordion-panel-inner h4, .kt-accordion-id4583_c10229-6c .kt-accordion-panel-inner h5, .kt-accordion-id4583_c10229-6c .kt-accordion-panel-inner h6{color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);}.kt-accordion-id4583_c10229-6c .kt-accordion-panel-inner a{color:var(--global-palette1, #3182CE);}.kt-accordion-id4583_c10229-6c .kt-accordion-panel-inner a:hover{color:var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);}.kt-accordion-id4583_c10229-6c:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette6, #718096);}.kt-accordion-id4583_c10229-6c:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id4583_c10229-6c:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id4583_c10229-6c .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id4583_c10229-6c .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);border-top-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id4583_c10229-6c:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id4583_c10229-6c:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id4583_c10229-6c:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion--visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id4583_c10229-6c:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette5, #4A5568);}.kt-accordion-id4583_c10229-6c:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id4583_c10229-6c:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette5, #4A5568);}.kt-accordion-id4583_c10229-6c:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id4583_c10229-6c:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id4583_c10229-6c:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id4583_c10229-6c:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kt-accordion-id4583_c10229-6c .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible, .kt-accordion-id4583_c10229-6c .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);border-top-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#eeeeee;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#0e9cd1;border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id4583_c10229-6c:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id4583_c10229-6c:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette6, #718096);}.kt-accordion-id4583_c10229-6c:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--global-palette6, #718096);}.kt-accordion-id4583_c10229-6c:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id4583_c10229-6c:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id4583_c10229-6c .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);border-left:0px solid transparent;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id4583_c10229-6c .wp-block-kadence-pane .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:0px solid var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom:0px solid var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);border-left-color:#eeeeee;border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id4583_c10229-6c .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id4583_c10229-6c .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{border-top-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette3, 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solid transparent;padding-top:0px;padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);}.kt-accordion-id4583_c10229-6c .wp-block-kadence-pane .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:0px solid var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom:0px solid var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);border-left-color:#eeeeee;border-left-style:solid;padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kt-accordion-id4583_c10229-6c .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id4583_c10229-6c .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{border-top-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id4583_c10229-6c .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible, .kt-accordion-id4583_c10229-6c .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#eeeeee;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#0e9cd1;border-left-style:solid;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-accordion alignnone\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-wrap kt-accordion-id4583_c10229-6c kt-accordion-has-7-panes kt-active-pane-0 kt-accordion-block kt-pane-header-alignment-left kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow kt-accodion-icon-side-right\" style=\"max-width:none\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-inner-wrap\" data-allow-multiple-open=\"false\" data-start-open=\"none\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-1 kt-pane4583_b882c1-27\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\"><strong><strong>What\u2019s the difference between Chicago footnotes and bibliography?<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4583_7ce7e3-a7, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4583_7ce7e3-a7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4583_7ce7e3-a7\"]{font-size:14px;line-height:1.3rem;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4583_7ce7e3-a7 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4583_7ce7e3-a7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4583_7ce7e3-a7\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading4583_7ce7e3-a7 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4583_7ce7e3-a7\">Footnotes give full source details at the bottom of the page, while the bibliography lists all cited sources alphabetically at the end.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-5 kt-pane4583_7fc6de-a5\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\"><strong><strong>Do I repeat the full citation every time I cite the same source?<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4583_37fdd6-a1, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4583_37fdd6-a1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4583_37fdd6-a1\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4583_37fdd6-a1 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4583_37fdd6-a1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4583_37fdd6-a1\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading4583_37fdd6-a1 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4583_37fdd6-a1\">No. Use a <strong>full note<\/strong> the first time and a <strong>shortened note<\/strong> (author, short title, page) for later citations.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-6 kt-pane4583_57d58a-b5\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\"><strong><strong>Do I need page numbers for direct quotes?<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4583_b4395d-42, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4583_b4395d-42[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4583_b4395d-42\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4583_b4395d-42 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4583_b4395d-42[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4583_b4395d-42\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading4583_b4395d-42 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4583_b4395d-42\">Yes. Direct quotes require page numbers in the footnote.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-7 kt-pane4583_89ee46-50\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\"><strong><strong>How many authors should be listed before using \u201cet al.\u201d?<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4583_ae58ec-dc, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4583_ae58ec-dc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4583_ae58ec-dc\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4583_ae58ec-dc mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4583_ae58ec-dc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4583_ae58ec-dc\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading4583_ae58ec-dc wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4583_ae58ec-dc\">Chicago style lists up to <strong>three authors<\/strong> in the footnote and bibliography. For four or more, use <em>et al.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-2 kt-pane4583_37d877-60\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\"><strong><strong>How do I cite ChatGPT in Chicago style?<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4583_2b62d7-60, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4583_2b62d7-60[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4583_2b62d7-60\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4583_2b62d7-60 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4583_2b62d7-60[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4583_2b62d7-60\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading4583_2b62d7-60 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4583_2b62d7-60\">ChatGPT responses are treated as <strong>personal communication<\/strong> and cited in a footnote only. The tool itself may be added to the bibliography if referenced as software.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A simple guide to Chicago referencing with clear footnote examples, citation rules, and formatting tips for 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