Q: Harvard style

With Introductory Phrase As Wilson et al. (2020, p. 23) explains, “Regular physical activity significantly improves mental health.” Without Introductory Phrase “Regular physical activity significantly improves mental health” (Wilson et al. 2020, p. 23).

Q: IEEE style

With Introductory Phrase As stated by Wilson et al., “Regular physical activity significantly improves mental health” [1, p. 23]. Without Introductory Phrase “Regular physical activity significantly improves mental health” [1, p. 23].

Q: APA style

With Introductory Phrase Wilson et al. (2020) note that “regular physical activity significantly improves mental health” (p. 23). Without Introductory Phrase “Regular physical activity significantly improves mental health” (Wilson et al., 2020, p. 23).

Q: Chicago style

With Introductory Phrase As Wilson et al. argue, “regular physical activity significantly improves mental health.”1 Without Introductory Phrase “Regular physical activity significantly improves mental health.”1 __ Footnote __ Peter Wilson et al., “The Obesity Problem,” Education Journal 56, no. 1 (2020): 23.

Q: MLA style

With Introductory Phrase As Wilson et al. state, “regular physical activity significantly improves mental health” (23). Without Introductory Phrase “Regular physical activity significantly improves mental health” (Wilson et al. 23).

Q: Vancouver style

With Introductory Phrase As Wilson et al. report, “regular physical activity significantly improves mental health” 1(p. 23). (OR) As Wilson et al. report, “regular physical activity significantly improves mental health” 1(p. 23). Without Introductory Phrase “Regular physical activity significantly improves mental health” (1, p. 23). (OR) “Regular physical activity significantly improves mental health” 1(p. 23).

Question 1

Quote when the exact wording matters

Accepted Answer

Martin Luther King Jr.’s phrase “injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere” is powerful and cannot be paraphrased without losing impact.

Question 2

Quote when you’re analysing language

Accepted Answer

When analysing tone in a literature essay, you might quote:
“The room was silent, heavy with unspoken fear,” to explain how the author creates tension.

Question 3

Quote authoritative definitions or precise wording

Accepted Answer

The World Health Organization defines health as “a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing…” — wording that must be quoted exactly because it’s an official definition.

Question 4

Quote evidence from primary sources

Accepted Answer

Interview participant said, “I stopped using social media because it made me anxious every day.”
This must be quoted exactly, not paraphrased, because it is direct participant data.

Question 5

Harvard style

Accepted Answer

With Introductory Phrase
As Wilson et al. (2020, p. 23) explains, “Regular physical activity significantly improves mental health.”

Without Introductory Phrase
“Regular physical activity significantly improves mental health” (Wilson et al. 2020, p. 23).

Question 6

IEEE style

Accepted Answer

With Introductory Phrase
As stated by Wilson et al., “Regular physical activity significantly improves mental health” [1, p. 23].

Without Introductory Phrase
“Regular physical activity significantly improves mental health” [1, p. 23].

Question 7

APA style

Accepted Answer

With Introductory Phrase
Wilson et al. (2020) note that “regular physical activity significantly improves mental health” (p. 23).

Without Introductory Phrase
“Regular physical activity significantly improves mental health” (Wilson et al., 2020, p. 23).

Question 8

Chicago style

Accepted Answer

With Introductory Phrase
As Wilson et al. argue, “regular physical activity significantly improves mental health.”1

Without Introductory Phrase
“Regular physical activity significantly improves mental health.”1

__ Footnote __

Peter Wilson et al., “The Obesity Problem,” Education Journal 56, no. 1 (2020): 23.

Question 9

MLA style

Accepted Answer

With Introductory Phrase
As Wilson et al. state, “regular physical activity significantly improves mental health” (23).

Without Introductory Phrase
“Regular physical activity significantly improves mental health” (Wilson et al. 23).

Question 10

Vancouver style

Accepted Answer

With Introductory Phrase
As Wilson et al. report, “regular physical activity significantly improves mental health” 1(p. 23).
(OR)
As Wilson et al. report, “regular physical activity significantly improves mental health” 1(p. 23).

Without Introductory Phrase
“Regular physical activity significantly improves mental health” (1, p. 23).
(OR)
“Regular physical activity significantly improves mental health” 1(p. 23).

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